Real Ruby? 7 Simple Tests To Spot A Fake
Hey gem enthusiasts! Ever wondered if that stunning ruby you've got your eye on is the real deal? You're not alone! With so many synthetic and treated rubies out there, it's super important to know how to tell if a ruby is real. This guide will walk you through the steps to confidently identify a genuine ruby, ensuring you're getting the quality and value you deserve. So, let's dive in and become ruby experts together!
Understanding Rubies: What Makes a Ruby a Ruby?
Before we get into the nitty-gritty of authentication, let's quickly cover what actually makes a ruby a ruby. A true ruby is a variety of the mineral corundum, which is aluminum oxide. What gives a ruby its signature red hue? That's thanks to the presence of chromium! The intensity of the red can vary, ranging from a pale pinkish-red to a deep, vivid red – sometimes referred to as "pigeon's blood," which is highly prized.
Rubies are known for their hardness and durability, ranking a 9 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. This makes them ideal for jewelry, as they can withstand daily wear and tear. However, this also means that a real ruby should be able to scratch almost any other gemstone, except for a diamond (which is a 10 on the Mohs scale). The color, clarity, cut, and carat weight all play a crucial role in determining a ruby’s value. A natural ruby is rare, especially those with vibrant color and minimal inclusions. This rarity contributes significantly to their value, making it all the more important to be able to distinguish a real ruby from a fake one.
Many rubies on the market today have undergone treatments to enhance their color and clarity. While these treatments are common and generally accepted, it's crucial to know whether your ruby has been treated, as this can affect its value. We'll talk more about treatments later, but for now, keep in mind that natural, untreated rubies are the most valuable and sought-after. The unique combination of hardness, vibrant color, and rarity makes rubies one of the most desirable gemstones in the world. Knowing the basic characteristics of a ruby will help you understand what to look for when trying to determine its authenticity.
The Visual Inspection: What to Look for in a Real Ruby
Okay, let's get to the fun part: visually inspecting a ruby. This is your first line of defense in figuring out if your ruby is genuine. There are several things you can look for with the naked eye or a simple jeweler's loupe.
Color and Clarity
First, focus on the color. Real rubies have a deep, rich red color that can range in shade. But here's the thing: the color should be even and consistent throughout the stone. If you notice patches of different colors, or if the color looks too perfect or artificial, it's a red flag (pun intended!). Remember, natural rubies get their color from chromium, and the distribution of this element isn't always perfectly uniform.
Next, check the clarity. Most natural rubies will have some inclusions, which are tiny imperfections or flaws within the stone. These inclusions are like a ruby's fingerprints – they're a sign of its natural origin. Synthetic rubies, on the other hand, are often flawless or have very few inclusions. However, don't jump to conclusions too quickly! Some natural rubies can be quite clear, and some synthetic rubies may have inclusions added to them to make them look more natural. The type and pattern of the inclusions are important clues.
Look for things like tiny needles, feathers, or silk-like threads. These are common in natural rubies. Also, consider the overall appearance of the ruby. Does it look too perfect? Too bright? Or does it have a natural, vibrant glow? Trust your gut feeling. If something seems off, it's always best to investigate further. Use a jeweler’s loupe to get a closer look at the ruby’s internal structure and color distribution. This will help you identify any unnatural patterns or inconsistencies. Remember, no two rubies are exactly alike, and these unique characteristics are part of their allure.
Cut and Carat
The cut of a ruby can also give you clues. A well-cut ruby will sparkle and reflect light beautifully. If the cut seems dull or lifeless, it might not be a genuine ruby, or it might be a poorly cut natural stone. The carat weight is another factor to consider, but it's less about authenticity and more about value. Larger rubies are rarer and more expensive, so if you're offered a very large ruby at a suspiciously low price, be cautious.
The Scratch Test: Is Your Ruby Tough Enough?
Let's talk about the scratch test. This is a classic method for checking the hardness of a gemstone, and it can be a helpful tool in determining if your ruby is the real deal. Remember, rubies are a 9 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, meaning they're incredibly tough. They should be able to scratch almost any other gemstone except for a diamond (which is a 10).
Here's how to do the scratch test safely: Find a piece of corundum (another form of aluminum oxide, like ruby and sapphire) or a known mineral with a hardness less than 9. Gently try to scratch the surface of the ruby with the corundum. If the ruby scratches easily, it's likely not a genuine ruby. If the corundum leaves a scratch on the other material but not on the ruby, that's a good sign!
Important Safety Note: Be extremely careful when performing the scratch test. You don't want to damage your ruby or the testing material. Apply gentle pressure and work in an inconspicuous area of the stone. If you're not comfortable doing this test yourself, it's always best to consult a professional gemologist.
Another way to perform a scratch test is by trying to scratch a piece of glass with the ruby. Glass has a hardness of around 5.5, so a real ruby should easily scratch it. Again, be careful and use gentle pressure. If the ruby doesn't scratch the glass, it's probably not a ruby or a very low-quality one. The scratch test is a valuable tool, but it's not foolproof. Some synthetic rubies are also very hard, so this test alone isn't enough to guarantee authenticity. It’s just one piece of the puzzle in identifying a genuine ruby.
The Light Test: Unveiling the Ruby's Inner Glow
Another cool test you can try is the light test. This involves observing how light interacts with the ruby. Real rubies have a unique way of handling light, and this can help you differentiate them from fakes.
Hold your ruby up to a light source, like a lamp or even sunlight. Observe how the light passes through the stone. A genuine ruby will exhibit a vibrant, red glow or fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light. This is due to the presence of chromium in the stone. Synthetic rubies may also fluoresce, but their glow might be a different color or intensity. Some might have an orangey glow, which is less common in natural rubies.
Now, slowly tilt the ruby and watch how the light reflects off its surface. Real rubies have a bright, almost fiery luster. If the ruby appears dull or lifeless, it might be a fake. The way a ruby reflects light is directly related to its cut and clarity, so this test also gives you another opportunity to assess those factors.
You can also use a penlight to examine the ruby's internal structure. Shine the light through the stone and look for any inclusions or imperfections. Remember, most natural rubies will have some inclusions, while synthetics tend to be clearer. The light test can be a fun and insightful way to learn more about your ruby and assess its authenticity. It’s not a definitive test on its own, but combined with other methods, it can give you a clearer picture of your gem’s true nature.
Beware of Imitations: Common Ruby Fakes and How to Spot Them
Alright, let's talk about the sneaky world of ruby imitations. There are a few common materials that are used to mimic rubies, and it's crucial to know how to spot them. Knowing the common imitations will help you avoid getting duped. Some common imitations include red glass, red spinel, and synthetic rubies.
Red Glass
Red glass is probably the most common ruby imitation. It can look quite convincing at first glance, but there are a few key differences. Glass is much softer than ruby, so it will scratch more easily. You can try the scratch test we talked about earlier to check this. Also, glass often has a different luster than ruby – it can appear more glassy or artificial. Look closely for air bubbles within the stone, which are a telltale sign of glass.
Red Spinel
Red spinel is another natural gemstone that can resemble ruby. In fact, for centuries, red spinels were often mistaken for rubies! However, spinel has a different chemical composition and a lower hardness than ruby. A gemologist can easily tell the difference with specialized equipment, but you can also look for subtle differences in color and luster. Spinel tends to have a slightly softer, less intense red than ruby.
Synthetic Rubies
Synthetic rubies are man-made in a lab, and they can be very convincing. They have the same chemical composition and hardness as natural rubies, so they can be tricky to identify. However, synthetic rubies often have a more perfect, flawless appearance than natural rubies. They may also have curved growth lines or other unique inclusions that aren't found in natural stones. This is where professional gemological testing becomes essential. Synthetic rubies aren't necessarily "fake" in the sense that they aren't ruby, but they are worth significantly less than natural rubies.
By knowing what to look for, you can protect yourself from buying a ruby imitation. Always ask questions, get a certificate of authenticity if possible, and consult a professional gemologist if you have any doubts. Remember, knowledge is power when it comes to gemstones!
The Professional Opinion: When to Consult a Gemologist
Okay, you've done your visual inspection, performed the scratch test, and even tried the light test. But you're still not 100% sure if your ruby is the real deal? This is where a professional gemologist comes in! These experts have the training, experience, and specialized equipment to accurately identify gemstones and determine their authenticity. Don't hesitate to seek their expertise – it's an investment in your peace of mind.
Specialized Equipment
Gemologists use a variety of tools to analyze gemstones, including microscopes, refractometers, and spectroscopes. These instruments can reveal details about a ruby's internal structure, chemical composition, and optical properties that are impossible to see with the naked eye. For example, a refractometer measures how light bends as it passes through the stone, which is a key identifier for different gemstones. A spectroscope analyzes the spectrum of light absorbed by the ruby, revealing the elements present in the stone. This can help differentiate between natural and synthetic rubies, as well as identify any treatments that the ruby may have undergone. Professional gemological testing is the most reliable way to determine a ruby's authenticity and value.
Certification
A gemologist can also provide you with a certificate of authenticity, which is a valuable document that verifies the ruby's characteristics and origin. This certificate can be essential if you plan to insure or resell your ruby. When choosing a gemologist, look for someone who is certified by a reputable organization, such as the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) or the American Gem Society (AGS). These certifications ensure that the gemologist has met rigorous standards of education and expertise.
Peace of Mind
Consulting a gemologist isn't just about verifying authenticity; it's also about getting an expert opinion on the quality and value of your ruby. A gemologist can assess the color, clarity, cut, and carat weight of the ruby and provide you with an accurate appraisal. This information can be invaluable, especially if you're considering buying or selling a ruby. Ultimately, the cost of a gemological consultation is a small price to pay for the confidence and security of knowing you have a genuine ruby. If you're serious about gemstones, building a relationship with a trusted gemologist is a smart move.
Treatments and Enhancements: What You Need to Know
Let's tackle a crucial topic in the world of rubies: treatments and enhancements. Many rubies on the market today have undergone treatments to improve their color and clarity. These treatments are generally accepted in the industry, but it's super important to know whether your ruby has been treated and how it affects its value. Transparency is key here!
Common Treatments
The most common treatment for rubies is heat treatment. This involves heating the ruby to high temperatures to enhance its color and dissolve inclusions. Heat treatment can make a ruby appear more vibrant and reduce the visibility of flaws. Another common treatment is filling, where fractures or cavities in the ruby are filled with a glass-like substance to improve its clarity. Be aware of surface reaching fractures and cavities because they affect the ruby’s durability.
Disclosure and Value
It's crucial for sellers to disclose any treatments that a ruby has undergone. Treated rubies are generally less valuable than untreated rubies of comparable quality. The extent of the treatment also affects the value – for example, a ruby that has been lightly heated is worth more than one that has been heavily treated or filled. Untreated rubies are rare and command a premium price.
How to Detect Treatments
Detecting treatments can be tricky, but there are a few things you can look for. Heavily treated rubies may have a glassy appearance or a network of tiny fractures. Filled rubies may show flashes of color or bubbles in the filling material. However, the most reliable way to determine if a ruby has been treated is to have it examined by a gemologist. Gemologists have the equipment and expertise to identify treatments that are invisible to the naked eye. So, when you're buying a ruby, always ask about treatments and request a gemological certificate. Knowing the treatment history of your ruby is essential for making an informed purchase and understanding its true value.
Caring for Your Ruby: Keeping Your Gemstone Sparkling
Okay, you've got your gorgeous, genuine ruby. Now, let's make sure it stays that way! Proper care is essential for keeping your ruby sparkling and preventing damage. Rubies are durable gemstones, but they're not indestructible. With a little TLC, your ruby will continue to shine for generations.
Cleaning
The best way to clean your ruby is with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Use a mild dish soap and gently scrub the stone to remove any dirt or buildup. Rinse thoroughly with clean water and dry with a soft cloth. Avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the ruby or any treatments it may have undergone. Regular cleaning will help maintain your ruby's brilliance.
Storage
Proper storage is also crucial. Store your ruby jewelry separately from other pieces to prevent scratches. A soft pouch or a separate compartment in your jewelry box is ideal. Rubies are hard enough to scratch other gemstones, so it's important to keep them isolated. Also, avoid storing your ruby jewelry in direct sunlight or extreme temperatures, as this can fade the color over time. Protect your precious ruby by storing it carefully.
Professional Checkups
It's a good idea to have your ruby jewelry professionally inspected and cleaned every year or two. A jeweler can check for loose settings, signs of wear, and any potential damage. They can also give your ruby a thorough cleaning to restore its sparkle. Regular maintenance will ensure that your ruby stays in top condition and maintains its value. By following these simple care tips, you can keep your ruby looking its best and enjoy its beauty for years to come.
Conclusion: Confidence in Your Ruby Purchase
So, there you have it! You're now armed with the knowledge and tools to confidently identify a real ruby. From understanding the characteristics of a true ruby to performing visual inspections, scratch tests, and light tests, you've learned the key steps in authentication. Remember, if you're ever in doubt, a professional gemologist is your best friend. They can provide expert analysis and certification, giving you peace of mind.
Knowing the common ruby imitations and how to spot them is also crucial, as is understanding treatments and enhancements. Transparency is essential in the gemstone world, so always ask questions and seek full disclosure. And finally, proper care will keep your ruby sparkling for years to come.
Buying a ruby is an investment, both financially and emotionally. By taking the time to educate yourself, you can ensure that you're getting a genuine gem that you'll treasure for a lifetime. So, go forth and admire the beauty of these magnificent red stones, knowing you have the knowledge to tell the real deal from the rest. Happy gem hunting, friends!
